Publications in Books:
1. In "Bioprocess Computation in Biotechnology", T.K. Ghose (Ed), Ellis Harwood, New York (1990).
i) Chapter 3 - Kinetics of growth and product formation (Co-authored).
ii) Chapter 4 - Death and containment (Co-authored).
iii) Chapter 5 - Enzyme reactions and technology (Co-authored).
iv) Chapter 6 - Mass transfer and scale-up (Co-authored).
v) Chapter 7 - Bioreactor systems (Co-authored).
vi) Chapter 10 - Bio project design (Co-authored).
vii) Chapter 11 - Unsolved problems on various topics (Co-authored).
2. Application of fluidization principles for Bioprocess, Chapter published in "Three Phase Sparged Reactors", Edited by K.D.P. Nigam and A.Schumpe, Gordan and Breach Publishing Group. Chapter 4, p 304-338, 1996 (with P.Ghosh and V.V. Praveen).
Journal Publications:
1. Effect of Enzyme Molecules Covering of Oil-Water Interfacial Area on the Kinetic of Oil Hydrolysis, Sulaiman Al-Zuhair, K.B. Ramachandran. and Masitah Hasan, Chemical Engineering Journal, 139, 540-548 (2008)
2. Evaluation of UASB reactor performance during start-up operation using synthetic mixed-acid waste, V.V. Praveen and Ramachandran K.B., Bioresource Technology, 99, 8231-8236 (2008).
3. A kinetic model for growth and biosynthesis of medium–chain-length poly(3-Hydroxyalkanoates) in Psedomonas putida M.S. M. Annuar, I.K.P. Tan, S. Ibrahim, Ramachandran K.B., Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 25(2), 217-228 (2008).
4. Evaluation of influent medium composition and concentration in a batch reactor for effective startup of UASB reactors, P.V. Vadlanii and Ramachandran K.B., Journal of Environmental Engineering(ASCE) 134(12), 1023-1028 (2008).
5. Evaluation of Evaluation of nitrogen sources for growth and production of medium-chain-length poly-(3-hydroxyalkanoates) from palm kernel oil by Pseudomonas putida PGA1. M.S.M. Annuar, I.K.P. Tan, and Ramachandran K.B., Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, 16 (1), 11-15 (2008).
6. Analysis of the effect of in situ product removal on the stability and performance of a continuous bioreactor with cell separator for ethanol production, Kaushik Ghosh and Ramachandran K.B., Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly (2007), 21(3), 285-296.
7. Production of medium-chain-length poly(3-Hydroxyalkanoates) from crude fatty acids mixture by Psedomonas putida ,M.S. M. Annuar., I.K.P. Tan., S. Ibrahim., Ramachandran K.B., IChME Food and Bioproducts Processing (2007), 85(C2), 104-1119.
8. Chemical Characterization of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) recovered by enzymatic treatment and ultrafiltration , Yasotha Kathiresan., Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua., Ramachandran K.B., ., Irene Kit Ping Tan., Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (2007),82(9) , 847-855.
9. Hydrolysis of palm and olive oils by immobilised lipase using hollow fibre reactor ,M. Shamel., Ramachandran K.B., Masitah Hasan and Sulaiman Al-Zuhair., Biochemical Engineering Journal (2007),34, 228-235.
10. Production of medium-chain-length poly (3-hydroxyalkanoates) from saponified palm kernel oil by Pseudomonas putida: Kinetics of batch and fed-batch fermentations. Annuar, M.S. M., Tan, I.K.P., Ramachandran K.B., Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, (2006) 2(2), 1-9.
11. Biomass acclimatization to sequentially varying substrates in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, Tan, Y.Y.J., Hashim, M.A., Ramachandran K.B., Water Quality Research Journal of Canada, (2006),41(4), 437-448.
12. Kinetic study on hydrolysis of oils by lipase with ultrasonic emulsification, Ramachandran K.B., Sulaiman Al-Zuhair, Fong, C.S., Gak, C.W., Biochemical Engineering Journal (2006),32 , 19-24.
13. Ammonium uptake and growth kinetics of Pseudomonas putida PGA1, Annuar, S, Tan, I.K.P, Ibrahim, S, Ramachandran K.B., Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (2006),14(1), 1-10.
14. Yasotha, K., Aroua, M.K., Ramachandran K.B., Tan, I.K.P., Recovery of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) through enzymatic digestion treatments and ultrafiltartion. Biochemical Engineering Journal (2006), 30,260-268.
15. Azwar, Hussain, M.A. and Ramachandran K.B., The study of Neural Network-based controller for controlling dissolved oxygen concentration in sequencing batch reactor. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, (2006) 28(4), 251-265.
16. A.N. Kabbashi, A.N., Ramachandran K.B., Fakhru'l, R. Suleyman, A.M., Optimization of single and mixed cultures for solid fermentation of municipal sewage sludge, International journal of Environmental Studies. (2005) 62 (2), 127-135.
17. Azwar, Hussain, M.A. and Ramachandran K.B., Modeling and dynamic simulation of activated sludge process in sequencing batch reactor. Developments in Chemical Engineering and Mineral Processing (2005) 13(5/6), 675-686.
18. Mashitah, M.D, Ramachandran K.B., and Masitah, H. Sensitivity of hydrogen peroxide to growth and hyaluronic acid production by streptococcus zooepidemicus ATCC 39920. Developments in Chemical Engineering and Mineral Processing (2005) 13(5/6), 531-540.
19. Shamel, M.M, Ramachandran K.B., and Hasan Masitah, Operational Stability of lipase enzyme: Effect of temperature and shear. Developments in Chemical Engineering and Mineral Processing (2005) 13(5/6), 599-604.
20. Sen Gupta, B. Hashim, M.A., Ramachandran K.B., Sen Gupta, I. and Cui, Z. F. The effect of gas sparging in cross-flow micro filtration of 2, 3-butanediol fermentation broth. Engineering in Life Sciences (2005) 5(1), 54-57.
21. Choudhury J.P., Ramachandran K.B., Hashim, M.A., Simultaneous removal of heavy metals from surface water by phisico-chemical treatment process. Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly (2004), 18(3), 295-302.
22. Al-Zuhair, Sulaiman; Ramachandran K.B., Hasan, Masitah, High enzyme concentration model for the kinetics of hydrolysis of oils by lipase, Chemical Engineering Journal (2004), 103(1-3), 7-11.
23. Mashitah, M.D; Masitah, H; Ramachandran K.B., amplifying the manganese scavenging potential of Streptococcus Zooepdimicus to reactive oxygen species during production of hyaluronic acid. The Medical Journal of Malaysia (2004), 59(B), 59-60.
24. Al-Zuhair, Sulaiman; Ramachandran K.B., Hasan, Masitah. Investigation of the specific interfacial area of palm oil/water system. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (2004), 79(7), 706-710.
25. Al-Zuhair, Sulaiman; Ramachandran K.B., Hasan, Masitah. Unsteady state kinetics of lipolytic hydrolysis of palm oil in a stirred bioreactor, Biochemical Engineering Journal (2004), 10(1), 81-86.
26. Azad S A; Vikineswary S; Chong V C; Ramachandran K.B., Rhodovulum sulfidophilum in the treatment and utilization of sardine processing wastewater. Letters in applied microbiology (2004), 38(1), 13-8.
27. Kabbashi, A. N.; Razi, A. Fakhru'l; Idris, Azni Bin., Ramachandran K.B., Study of biological parameters during composting of sewage sludge. Brunei Darussalam Journal of Technology and commerce (2003), 3(1), 47-52.
28. Syahiddin, D., Hasan, Masitha, Ramachandran K.B., Effect of pH on growth, spore production and spore viability of biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzanium in submerged fermentation. ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering (2003) 3(1), 14-18.
29. Tham, H. J.; Ramachandran K.B., Hussain, M. A. Sliding mode control for a continuous bioreactor. Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly, (2003), 17(4), 267-275.
30. Al-Zuhair, Sulaiman; Hasan, Masitah; Ramachandran K.B., Kinetics of the enzymatic hydrolysis of palm oil by lipase. Process Biochemistry (2003), 38(8), 1155-1163.
31. Kabbashi, A. N.; Razi, A. Fakhru'l; Ramachandran K.B.,; Al-Suwiti, Ibrahim N. Effect of heavy metals (Ca, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, Fe, Cd) on composting of sewage sludge treatment plant. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (2003), 5(1), 23-29.
32. Hisbullah; Hussain, M. A.; Ramachandran K.B., Design of a fuzzy logic controller for regulating substrate feed to fed-batch fermentation. Food and Bioproducts Processing (2003), 81(C2), 138-146.
33. Noor, I. M.; Hasan, M.; Ramachandran K.B., Effect of operating variables on the hydrolysis rate of palm oil by lipase. Process Biochemistry (2003), 39(1), 13-20.
34. Hisbullah; Hussain, M. A.; Ramachandran K.B., Comparative evaluation of various control schemes for fed-batch fermentation. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering (2002), 24(5), 309-318.
35. Dey, Apurba; Ramachandran K.B.,; Roychowdhury, P. K. The adsorption of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on coal and pyrite surfaces. Indian Chemical Engineer (2002), 44(2), 104-109.
36. Kabbashi, A. N.; Ahmadun, F.R., Ramachandran K.B., Idris, A.B. Changes in biological parameters during composting of sewage sludge treatment plant. Asian Jr. of Microbial Biotech. Env. Sc. (2002), 4(4), 527-532.
37. Azad S A; Vikineswary S; Ramachandran K.B., Chong V C. Growth and production of biomass of Rhodovulum sulfidophilum in sardine processing wastewater. Letters in applied microbiology (2001), 33(4), 264-8.
38. Azad S.A; Vikineswary S; Chong V.C., Ramachandran K.B.,Potential of wastegrown phototrophic bacteria as a feed ingredient in aquaculture. Jurnal Sains (2001), 12(2), 77-86.
39. Gupta Sen I., Hashim, M.A., Ibrahim, S., Ramachandran, K.B., Gupta Sen B., Cui, Z.F., The Effect of Gas Sparging on Cross-Floe Filtration of 2,3-Butanediol Fermentation Broth. Chemie Ingenieur Technik (2001), 73(6), 729-730.
40. Gupta Sen I., Hashim, M.A., Ibrahim, S., Ramachandran K.B.,Production of 2,3-Butanediol from Blackstrap Molasses. Chemie Ingenieur Technik (2001), 73(6), 654.
41. Kee, Chua Yeo Gek; Hassan, Masitah; Ramachandran K.B., Studies on the kinetics of isopropyl palmitate synthesis in packed bed bioreactor using immobilized lipase. Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology (1999), 27(5 & 6), 393-398.
42. Singhal, Ashish; Gomes, James; Praveen, V. V.; Ramachandran K.B., Axial Dispersion Model for Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactors. Biotechnology Progress (1998), 14(4), 645-648.
43. Gupta, Naveen; Gupta, S. K.; Ramachandran K.B., Modeling and simulation of anaerobic stratified biofilm for methane production and prediction of multiple steady states. Chemical Engineering Journal (1997), 65(1), 37-46.
44. Rao, A. G.; Lata, Kusum; Raman, P.; Kishore, V. V. N.; Ramachandran K.B., Studies of anaerobic treatment of synthetic waste in a UASB reactor. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection (1997), 17(5), 349-354.
45. Mukherjee, K. J.; Deb, J. K.; Ramachandran K.B., Studies on maintenance of vector pBK2 in Corynebacterium acetoacidophilium by co-culture experiments in a continuous bioreactor. Enzyme and Microbial Technology (1996), 18(8), 555-560.
46. Ramachandran K.B., Rathore, A. S.; Gupta, S. K. Modeling the effects of electrostatic interaction with reaction-generated pH change on the kinetics of immobilized enzymes. Chemical Engineering Journal (1995), 57(1), B15-B21.
47. Kumar M L; Ramachandran K B., Application of innovative downstream processing techniques in isolation and purification of biomolecules. Hindustan Antibiotics Bulletin (1994) 36(3-4), 98-134.
48. Praveen, V.V., Ramachandran K.B., Operational characteristics of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. Recent trends in Biotechnology (1993) 175-78.
49. Dey, Apurba, Ramachandran K.B., Kinetics of oxidation of aqueous ferrous sulfate by Thiobacillus ferroxidans. Recent trends in Biotechnology (1993) 170-74.
50. Sreekrishnan, T. R.; Ramachandran K.B.,Ghosh, P. Effect of operating variables on biofilm formation and performance of an anaerobic fluidized-bed bioreactor. Biotechnology and Bioengineering (1991), 37(6), 557-66.
51. Mukherjee, K. J.; Deb, J. K.; Ramachandran K.B., Construction of vector of Brevibacterium lactofermentum and study of its stability in continuous culture. Journal of Biotechnology (1990), 16(1-2), 109-22.
52. Ramachandran K.B., Hashim, Mohd A.; Fernandez, Alan A. Kinetic study of 2,3-butanediol production by Klebsiella oxytoca. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering (1990), 70(4), 235-40.
53. Ramachandran K.B., Goma, G. 2, 3-Butanediol production from glucose by Klebsiella pneumoniae in a cell recycle system. Journal of Biotechnology (1988), 9(1), 39-46.
54. Murthy, Veluri V. P. S.; Ramachandran K.B., Oxygen transfer in air-pulsed column in continuous mode. Microbial Utilization of Renewable Resources (1991) 7, 381-90.
55. Ramachandran K.B., Hashim, M. A. Simulation studies on simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cellulose to ethanol. Chemical Engineering Journal (1990), 45(2), B27-B34.
56. Murthy, V. V. P. S.; Ramachandran K.B., Ghose, T. K. Oxygen transfer studies in air-pulsed column bioreactor, Processes Biochemistry (1989), 24, 77-82.
57. Ramachandran K.B., Goma, G. Effect of oxygen supply and dilution rate on the production of 2, 3-butanediol in continuous bioreactor by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Enzyme and Microbial Technology (1987), 9(2), 107-11.
58. Srivastava, S. K.; Gopalkrishnan, K. S.; Ramachandran K.B., The production of ß -glucosidase in shake-flasks by Aspergillus wentii. Journal of Fermentation Technology (1987), 65(1), 95-9.
59. Murthy, V. V. P. S.; Ramachandran K.B., Ghose, T. K. Gas hold-up and power consumption in an air-pulsed column bioreactor. Process Biochemistry (1987), 22(1), 3-8.
60. Srivastava, S. K.; Gopalkrishnan, K. S.; Ramachandran K.B., Kinetic characterization of a crude ß-D-glucosidase from Aspergillus wentii Pt 2804. Enzyme and Microbial Technology (1984), 6(11), 508-12.
61. Gupta, A.; Ramachandran K.B., Diffusional and electrostatic effects on the kinetics of immobilized enzymes. Journal of Fermentation Technology (1983), 61(3), 323-8.
62. Goel, Subhash C.; Ramachandran K.B., Studies on the adsorption of cellulase on lignocellulosics. Journal of Fermentation Technology (1983), 61(3), 281-6.
63. Goel, Subhash C.; Ramachandran K.B., Comparison of the rates of enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated rice straw and bagasse with celluloses.Enzyme and Microbial Technology (1983), 5(4), 281-4.
64. Srivastava, S. K.; Ramachandran K.B., Gopalkrishnan, K. S. ß-Glucosidase production by Aspergillus wentii in stirred tank bioreactors. Biotechnology Letters (1981), 3(9), 477-80.
65. Ramachandran K.B., Perlmutter, D. D. Effects of immobilization on the kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. II. Urease in a packed-column differential reactor system. Biotechnology and Bioengineering (1976), 18(5), 685-99.
66. Ramachandran K.B., Perlmutter, D. D. Effects of immobilization on the kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. I. Glucose oxidase in a recirculation reactor system. Biotechnology and Bioengineering (1976), 18(5), 669-84.